Tag Archives: yezimayini

Okunamandla

Isibabule: Isici Esibalulekile Ku-Geology kanye Nesayensi Yomhlaba

Posted on by i-miamimining
isulfure eluhlaza
30
Dec

Isibabule siyikhemikhali enophawu S kanye nenombolo ye-athomu engu-16. Siphuzi ngokugqamile, siqinile esiqinile ekushiseni kwegumbi futhi sinephunga elihlukile, elihlabayo. Isibabule siyisici esibalulekile kusayensi yokwakheka komhlaba nesayensi yomhlaba, futhi sidlala indima ebalulekile ezinhlobonhlobo zezinqubo zokuma komhlaba.

Ku-geology, isulfure itholakala kakhulu ngesimo sama-sulfide, okungamaminerali aqukethe isulfure kanye nenye. or ezinye izakhi. Amanye amaminerali e-sulfide avamile ahlanganisa i-pyrite (iron sulfide), i-chalcopyrite (i-copper-iron sulfide), ne-sphalerite (zinc sulfide). Ama-sulfide angamaminerali abalulekile e-ore futhi avame ukumbiwa izinsimbi eziqukethe.

I-Sulfur iyatholakala futhi ngesimo se-sulphur dioxide (SO2) emkhathini womhlaba. Kunomthelela omkhulu ekungcoleni komoya futhi kungaba nemiphumela engemihle empilweni yomuntu, kodwa futhi kudlala indima ebalulekile esimweni sezulu soMhlaba. I-Sulfur dioxide iyigesi ebamba ukushisa emkhathini, futhi ingaba nomthelela ekushiseni ukuqeqeshwa yamafu nemvula.

Ngaphezu kokuba khona kwaso kuqweqwe lomhlaba nasemkhathini, isulfure nayo iyisici esibalulekile ku-hydrosphere Yomhlaba. Itholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zamakhemikhali ancibilikayo emanzini, njengama-sulfate nama-sulfite, angancibilika emanzini futhi athuthwe ngomjikelezo wamanzi. Isibabule siphinde sibe yingxenye eyinhloko yamanye ama-amino acid, okuyizingqimba zokwakha amaprotheni.

Isibabule sinomlando omude emphakathini wesintu futhi siye sasetshenziselwa izinjongo ezihlukahlukene phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Isetshenziswe njengenhlanganisela yokwelapha, i-fumigant, kanye ne-preservative. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukwenza umbala kumapende nakudayi nanjengengxenye yesibhamu.

Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwesibabule ezikhathini zanamuhla ukukhiqizwa kwe-sulfuric acid. I-Sulfuric acid iyi-asidi eqinile esetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yamakhemikhali, futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yomanyolo, okokuhlanza neminye imikhiqizo.

Ku-geology, isulfure inenani lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibalulekile. Isetshenziselwa ukukhomba ukuba khona kwamaminerali athile kanye nokunquma ukwakheka kwawo kwamakhemikhali. I-Sulfur isotopes ingasetshenziswa ukutadisha imijikelezo ye-geochemical yomhlaba kanye nokuqonda umlando woMhlaba. Isibabule singasetshenziswa futhi ukunquma iminyaka yamadwala namaminerali ngokusebenzisa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-sulphur-isotope geochronology.

Isibabule siyisici esibalulekile ekucwaningweni kwesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba nesayensi yomhlaba, futhi sidlala indima ebalulekile ezinqubweni eziningi ezibalulekile zokuma komhlaba. Ukuba khona kwawo oqweqweni loMhlaba, emkhathini, naku-hydrosphere kuyenza ibe isici esibalulekile sokuqondwa nokufunda. Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwaso ekukhiqizeni i- sulfuric acid kuya endimeni yayo emjikelezweni wesimo sezulu nowomhlaba wamanzi, isibabule siyinto ebalulekile eye yaba nomthelela omkhulu eMhlabeni nasemphakathini wesintu.

Okunamandla

I-Pyrite: Igolide Lobuwula Le-Geology

Posted on by i-miamimining
i-pyrite iyawa
29
Dec

I-Pyrite, eyaziwa nangokuthi igolide lesiwula, iyiminerali ye-sulfide evamile etholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ze-geological. Inombala ohlukile wethusi-ophuzi kanye nokucwebezela kwensimbi, okuholele esiteketisoni sayo. Nakuba ingase ifane negolide esweni elingaqeqeshiwe, i-pyrite empeleni ihluke kakhulu ngokwezakhiwo zayo ezingokomzimba namakhemikhali.

I-pyrite inesakhiwo se-cubic crystal, ne-molecule ngayinye eyakhiwe ama-athomu ensimbi nesibabule ahlelwe ngendlela ethile. Ngokuvamile kutholakala ngesimo samakristalu amancane, akheke kahle, nakuba kungenzeka futhi njengama-aggregates amakhulu, ama-granular.

I-Pyrite itholakala ezindaweni eziningi ezihlukene ze-geological, okuhlanganisa amatshe e-sedimentary, amadwala e-metamorphic, kanye ne-hydrothermal deposits. Ivame ukuhlotshaniswa namanye amaminerali afana asebenza ngebhethri, i-calcite, ne-galena.

Esinye sezici ezihluke kakhulu ze-pyrite yiyona ubulukhuni. Esikalini se-Mohs, esisetshenziselwa ukukala ubulukhuni bamaminerali, i-pyrite iwela ku-6.5, ethambile kancane kune-quartz kodwa eqinile kakhulu kune-talc. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuklwebha ngommese or enye into ebukhali, kodwa kunzima ukuyichoboza noma ukuyihlikihla.

Ngokwendawo, i-pyrite ingatholakala emhlabeni wonke, nakuba ivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezithile. Ivamise ukutholakala kumadiphozithi amakhulu ezindaweni ezifana neNingizimu Melika, iSpain, neChina. Kwe I-united states, ivame ukutholakala eziNtabeni Zase-Appalachian nasezifundeni ezisentshonalanga, ikakhulukazi e- Nevada futhi Colorado.

Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwe-pyrite njengensimbi yensimbi. Insimbi iyisici esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni insimbi, futhi i-pyrite iwumthombo obalulekile wale nsimbi. Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwayo embonini yensimbi, i-pyrite iphinde isetshenziswe njengomthombo wesulfure futhi njenge-catalyst embonini yamakhemikhali.

I-Pyrite nayo ingumdlali obalulekile ku- ukuqeqeshwa we-acid mine drainage, okuyinkinga enkulu yezemvelo ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba. Lapho i-pyrite ivezwa emoyeni nasemanzini, isabela ukuze yenze i-sulfuric acid, engakhipha izinsimbi ezisindayo nobunye ubuthi edwaleni nasenhlabathini ezungezile. Lokhu kungangcolisa amanzi futhi kudale umonakalo omkhulu endaweni.

Naphezu kwemithelela yayo engemihle kwezemvelo, i-pyrite isalokhu iyimineral ebalulekile embonini yokwakheka komhlaba nezimayini. Izakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele kanye nokwenzeka kwayo okusabalele kuyenza ibe umthombo obalulekile okungenzeka uzoqhubeka nokuxhashazwa iminyaka eminingi ezayo.

Okunamandla

I-Geology Yethusi: Insimbi Ethakazelisayo Enomlando Ocebile

Posted on by i-miamimining
Ama-cubes ethusi ahlanzekile
27
Dec

Copper iyingxenye yamakhemikhali enophawu u-Cu kanye nenombolo ye-athomu engu-29. Iyinsimbi ethambile, ethambile, nedubulekayo ene-thermal ephezulu kakhulu kanye ne-electrical conductivity. I-Copper itholakala oqweqweni lomhlaba ezinhlobonhlobo zamaminerali, kufaka phakathi i-chalcopyrite, malachite, futhi bornite. Kuwo wonke umlando, iye yadlala indima ebalulekile empucukweni yabantu, kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwamathuluzi nobucwebe kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwayo ezintanjeni zikagesi zesimanje. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi, sizocubungula i-geology yethusi, sihlole yayo ukuqeqeshwa, izakhiwo, kanye nokusetshenziswa emhlabeni namuhla.

Ukwakhiwa Kwethusi

Ithusi liyinto evamile oqweqweni lomhlaba, okwenza isilinganiso esilinganiselwa ku-0.0001% wobunzima bomhlaba. Itholakala ezinhlobonhlobo zamaminerali, kanti i-chalcopyrite iyinala kakhulu futhi ibalulekile kwezomnotho. I-Copper ingatholakala futhi ngamanani amancane ngesimo somdabu, okusho ukuthi ayihlanganisiwe nezinye izakhi kumaminerali.

Amaminerali e-Copper akha ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ze-geological, kuhlanganise ne-volcanic, sedimentary, kanye nemvelo ye-metamorphic. Amadiphozithi ethusi abaluleke kakhulu, noma kunjalo, yilezo ezakha kusuka ekuhlanganiseni kwethusi oketshezini olushisayo. Lolu ketshezi, olunothe ngamaminerali ancibilikisiwe, lukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokupholisa nokuqiniswa kwetshe elincibilikisiwe, elaziwa ngokuthi i-magma.

Njengoba uketshezi luhamba oqweqweni lomhlaba, lungavaleleka ezingxenyeni eziqhekekile namaphutha, akhe imithambo yamaminerali ethusi. Amaminerali angaphinda afakwe edwaleni elinezimbotshana, njenge-sandstone, enze uhlobo lwediphozi eyaziwa ngokuthi i-porphyry copper deposit.

Izakhiwo Zethusi

I-Copper inenani lezinto eziyingqayizivele ezenza kube insimbi ebalulekile emisebenzini ehlukahlukene. Kuyi-conductor enhle yokushisa nogesi, okwenza kube usizo ekudluliseni ugesi kanye nokwakhiwa kwama-heaters. I-Copper ibuye imelane nokugqwala, iyenze ibe yinto ehlala isikhathi eside ukuze isetshenziswe kumapayipi nezinye izingqalasizinda.

I-Copper ingahlanganiswa nezinye izinsimbi ukwenza ama-alloys, angaba namandla athuthukisiwe, ubulukhuni, nezinye izakhiwo. Amanye ama-alloys ethusi avamile ahlanganisa ithusi, okuyingxube yethusi nezinc, nethusi, okuyingxube yethusi nethini.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Copper

Ithusi selisetshenziswe abantu izinkulungwane zeminyaka, nobufakazi bokusetshenziswa kwalo kusukela empucukweni yasendulo yaseGibhithe, eChina naseMelika. Esikhathini esidlule, ithusi lalisetshenziselwa ukwenza amathuluzi, ubucwebe nezinto zokuhlobisa. Yayisetshenziswa futhi ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, njengoba iwumqhubi omuhle wokushisa nogesi.

Namuhla, ithusi lisetshenziswa ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izintambo zikagesi, amapayipi amanzi, nokwakhiwa kwezimoto nezindiza. Ibuye isetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni izinhlamvu zemali, ubucwebe, nezinye izinto zokuhlobisa. I-Copper iyisici esibalulekile sama-alloys amaningi, kuhlanganise nethusi nethusi, asetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo.

Ukumbiwa kwethusi nakho kuye kwafeza indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi wesintu. Izimayini zethusi zingatholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele, kuhlanganise neChile, i I-united states, kanye ne-Australia. Ukumba ithusi kuhilela ukukhishwa kwensimbi emhlabeni, bese igaywa ukuze kukhiqizwe insimbi yethusi. Ukumbiwa kwekhopha kungaba nomthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo, okuhlanganisa ukukhishwa kwamakhemikhali anobuthi nokucekelwa phansi kwezindawo zokuhlala. Ngenxa yalokho, imboni yezimayini yenze imizamo yokunciphisa umthelela wayo kwezemvelo, okuhlanganisa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zokumba esimeme kanye nokusetshenziswa kwethusi eligaywe kabusha.

Isiphetho

I-Copper iyinsimbi ethakazelisayo enomlando ocebile kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene. Izakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele, kuhlanganise nekhono layo lokuqhuba ukushisa nogesi kanye nokumelana kwayo nokugqwala, kuyenza ibaluleke

insiza emphakathini wanamuhla. Kusukela ezintambo zikagesi namapayipi amanzi kuya ekwakhiweni kwezimoto nezindiza, ithusi lidlala indima ebalulekile ezicini eziningi zokuphila kwethu.

Naphezu kokubaluleka kwayo, ukumba ithusi kungaba nomthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo. Kubalulekile ukuthi imboni iqhubeke nokusebenzela izindlela zokumba ezinzile kanye nokusetshenziswa kwethusi eligaywe kabusha ukuze kuncishiswe le mithelela.

Kafushane, i-geology yethusi iyisihloko esithakazelisayo, lapho insimbi itholakala kumaminerali ahlukahlukene futhi yakheka ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ze-geological. Izakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo kuyenza ibe yinsiza ebalulekile ezweni lanamuhla, futhi ukumba ithusi kube nendima ebalulekile emlandweni wesintu.