Okunamandla
I-Geology Yegolide: Ukubheka Okujulile Ekubunjweni, Ukusabalalisa, kanye Nokukhishwa Kwensimbi Eyigugu
Dec
Igolide liyinsimbi eyigugu osekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka ifunwa. Yaziswa ngobuhle bayo, ukutholakala kwayo okungavamile, nekhono layo lokumelana nokugqwala. Kodwa livelaphi igolide? Yakhiwa futhi yasakazwa kanjani emhlabeni wonke? Futhi ikhishwa futhi icutshungulwe kanjani? Kulesi sihloko, sizocubungula i-geology yegolide ukuze siphendule le mibuzo nokunye.
Ukwakheka kwegolide
Igolide kucatshangwa ukuthi lavela ekuqhumeni kwe-supernova okwenzeka eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa edlule. Le micimbi emikhulu yezinkanyezi ikhulula inani elikhulu lamandla, elingahlanganisa izici ezilula ukuze zakhe ezisindayo. Kukholakala ukuthi igolide, kanye nezinye izakhi ezisindayo njengeplatinamu nesiliva, zadalwa ngale ndlela zase zisakazeka endaweni yonke.
Emhlabeni, igolide lingatholakala ezinhlotsheni ezimbili eziyinhloko zamadiphozithi: ama-lode deposits nama-placer deposits. I-Lode deposits, eyaziwa nangokuthi idiphozithi eyinhloko, ingumphumela wamaminerali anegolide afakwa uketshezi lwe-hydrothermal. Lolu ketshezi, olucebile ngegolide elincibilikisiwe namanye amaminerali, kwakheka lapho i-magma eshisayo ihlangana namanzi. Njengoba uketshezi luphola futhi luqina, amaminerali aqukethwe afakwa emifantwini nasemifantwini yedwala.
Ama-placer deposits, ngakolunye uhlangothi, akhiwa lapho igolide lihlukaniswa nedwala eliphethe futhi lithwalwa amanzi or umoya. Lokhu kungenzeka lapho idiphozithi yendawo iguguleka futhi igolide likhishelwa emfudlaneni noma emfuleni, lapho-ke liyiswa phansi nomfula lifakwe endaweni entsha. Ama-placer deposits avame ukutholakala ngesimo semibhede yamatshe noma izigxobo zesihlabathi ezigodini zemifula.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwegolide
Igolide litholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi emhlabeni, nakuba livame ukutholakala ngendlela ye-lode deposits ezindaweni ezinomthamo ophezulu wamadwala entaba-mlilo kanye ne-sedimentary. Ezinye zezifunda ezidume kakhulu ngokukhiqiza igolide zihlanganisa iWitwatersrand Basin eNingizimu Afrika, iCarlin Trend in. Nevada, kanye ne-Super Pit eNtshonalanga Australia.
Nokho, igolide lingatholakala futhi ngamanani amancane ezinhlobonhlobo zamanye amatshe namaminerali. Isibonelo, kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa ne asebenza ngebhethri, okuyiminerali evamile etholakala ezinhlotsheni eziningi zamatshe. Igolide lingatholakala futhi ngamanani amancane ezinhlotsheni ezithile zenhlabathi, kanye nasemanzini olwandle.
Ukukhishwa kwegolide
Uma idiphozi yegolide isitholakele futhi isilungele ukumbiwa, kunezindlela ezimbalwa ezingasetshenziswa ukuze kukhishwe igolide. Indlela evame kakhulu i-cyanide leaching, ehlanganisa ukusebenzisa isisombululo se-cyanide ukuncibilikisa igolide ensimbi. Igolide libe selitholwa esixazululweni ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-adsorption, lapho igolide likhangiswa phezu kwekhabhoni ecushiwe.
Enye indlela esetshenziswa ngezinye izikhathi i-heap leaching, ehlanganisa ukunqwabelanisa insimbi enqwabeni bese ufafaza isixazululo sokucwilisa phezulu. Njengoba ikhambi lingena enqwabeni, lincibilikisa igolide, elibuye litholakale kusetshenziswa inqubo yokukhangisa efana ne-cyanide leaching.
Uma igolide selikhishiwe, ngokuvamile liyacwengwa ukuze kukhishwe noma yikuphi ukungcola. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngokuncibilikisa igolide bese ulivumela ukuthi liqine libe isikhunta, okwenza ibha noma ingot. Igolide lingase lithengiswe njengomkhiqizo oyinkunzi noma lisetshenziswe ekwenzeni ubucwebe, izinhlamvu zemali, noma eminye imikhiqizo.
Isiphetho
Igolide liyinsimbi eyigugu ekhangayo futhi efunwa kakhulu. Yakheka ekuqhumeni kwe-supernova futhi ingatholakala ezinhlotsheni ezimbili eziyinhloko zamadiphozithi emhlabeni:
ama-deposit kanye ne-placer deposits. Nakuba ivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinezintaba-mlilo kanye namadwala e-sedimentary, ingatholakala futhi ngamanani amancane kwezinye izinto.
Ukukhishwa kwegolide etsheni layo kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ehilela ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali nezindlela ezikhethekile. Uma selikhishiwe, igolide liyacwengwa ukuze likhiphe ukungcola futhi lingasetshenziswa ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, ezihlanganisa ubucwebe, izinhlamvu zemali neminye imikhiqizo.
Sekukonke, i-geology yegolide iyisihloko esithakazelisayo esiveza izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezilolonge iplanethi yethu kanye nensimbi eyigugu eye yakhanga abantu amakhulu eminyaka. Kusukela yayo ukuqeqeshwa ekuqhumeni kwe-supernova ekukhishweni nasekucwengisisweni kwayo emhlabeni, igolide liyinto eyingqayizivele neyigugu ngempela.