I-Pioneer Mineralogists: Ingqondo Eyisisekelo Yezimayini
Mar
Imfundo ye-mineralogy, ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni kwethu ingcebo yomhlaba, isuka ku amaphayona mineralogists ilukuluku lakhe nokuzinikela kwavula indlela yokuhlolwa kwezimbiwa zanamuhla. Kulesi sihloko, sihlola izimpilo kanye namafa alaba bafundi bokuqala kanye nomthelela wabo ohlala njalo ekutadisheni izimbiwa.
Iziqalo zeMineralogy
Umbuzo wokuqala uyaphakama: Babengobani laba amaphayona mineralogists? Izincwadi zomlando ziningi ekulandiseni kwazo ngo-Aristotle, isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki ondlela yakhe ephelele yesayensi yemvelo yayihlanganisa izifundo zokuqala ezaziwayo zamaminerali. Eceleni kwakhe kwakumi uTheophrastus, enye inkanyiso yaseGreece evame ukubizwa ngokuthi uyise we-mineralogy. Umsebenzi we-Pliny Omdala we-naturalistic encyclopedic welula lolu hlu, ubonisa ukulambela kwamaRoma isayensi yemvelo.
Ukulondolozwa Kwezimayini Kuyo Yonke Iminyaka
Phakathi nezinkathi ezalandela, ngokuvamile ezimbozwe ngokufiphala, ithoshi le-mineralogy laligcinwa livutha “ngama-lapidaries” nama-encyclopedia. Lezi zingcweti nezifundiswa zazingabagcini bolwazi, zihlanganisa futhi zilondoloze ukuhlakanipha kwezimbiwa ngesikhathi lapho uphenyo lwesayensi lwalungekho phambili emizamweni yabantu.
Imvuselelo Ezikhathini Zanamuhla
Ukuqala kabusha kwezifundo zemethodical eNkathini Yokuzalwa Kwaletha imvuselelo kulo mkhakha. Ngaphambi kwekhulu le-19, kwavela amadoda anjengoGeorgius Agricola, ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi 'uyise we-mineralogy. Umsebenzi wakhe othi "De Re Metallica" ungumbhalo ojwayelekile owahlela ulwazi lwezimayini kanye nokumbiwa kwamaminerali.
Iminikelo ka-Agricola noLinnaeus
Umuntu owayephila ngesikhathi sika-Agricola, uCarolus Linnaeus, owayedume kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe wesayensi yezitshalo, naye waba negalelo elikhulu ekuhlukaniseni amaminerali, esebenzisa ingqondo yakhe ehlelekile ekuhleleni amaminerali. I-nomenclature yakhe ye-binomial yabonisa ukuxhumana kwazo zonke izinto eziphilayo nezingaphili.
Okuqanjwe nguCronstedt kanye Nezinkathi Zakhe
Maphakathi nekhulu le-18, u-Baron Axel Fredric Cronstedt wenza intuthuko ngokuhlukanisa i-nickel esimweni sayo esihlanzekile. Ukwethula kwakhe i-blowpipe kwaba ithuluzi lokuguqula i-mineralogy yokuhlaziya. Lesi sikhathi siphinde sabona u-Abraham Gottlob Werner ecwenga umkhakha we-geology ngezigaba zakhe, kuyilapho u-Torbern Olof Bergman afaka isandla ngokwenza ngcono izindlela zokuhlaziya amaminerali.
Ukutholwa Kwezinto Ezintsha
Ukulandisa kwe- amaphayona mineralogists bekungeke kuphelele ngaphandle kokukhuluma ngoMartin Heinrich Klaproth, okutholakala kwakhe kwe-uranium kwavulela izizukulwane ezizayo indlela yokuba zisebenzise amandla e-athomu. I-Titanium ne-zirconium, izakhi azitholile, manje sezibalulekile ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ku-aerospace kuya kwezobucwebe. UJean Baptiste Louis Romé de U-Lisle, i-crystallographer yesiFulentshi, uthuthukise ukuqonda kwezinhlaka zekristalu, eqhubeka nokuchaza ucwaningo lwesayensi lwamaminerali.
Nali ithebula elihlelekile elibonisa ongoti abayi-10 abahamba phambili be-mineralogist okukhulunywe ngabo, amagalelo abo amakhulu ku-mineralogy, kanye nesici. or amasu ahlotshaniswa nawo:
| Isibalo | Igama | Umnikelo | Isici/Isu Elihlobene |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Aristotle | Izifundo zakuqala zamaminerali, ukubeka isisekelo se-mineralogy | Izisekelo zefilosofi |
| 2 | Ithiophrastus | Kubhekwa njengoyise we-mineralogy | Ucwaningo oluhlelekile lwamatshe namaminerali |
| 3 | Pliny umdala | Imisebenzi yakhe yanikeza ukuhlanganiswa okubanzi kolwazi lwamaminerali | Inkomba ye-Encyclopedic |
| 4 | Georgius Agricola | Ibhalwe "De Re Metallica," ihlela ulwazi lwezimayini | Ubaba weMinerology |
| 5 | UCarolus Linnaeus | Inikele ekuhlukaniseni amaminerali | I-Binomial nomenclature ku-mineralogy |
| 6 | UBaron Axel Fredric Cronstedt | I-nickel ehlukanisiwe esimweni sayo esihlanzekile futhi yethula ipayipi lomoya | Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-nickel |
| 7 | Abraham Gottlob Werner | Ukucwengwa ekuhlukaniseni amaminerali kanye ne-geology | I-Geology kanye nezigaba zamaminerali |
| 8 | UTorbern Olof Bergman | Izindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokuhlaziya amaminerali | Amasu okuhlaziya amaminerali |
| 9 | UMartin Heinrich Klaproth | Kutholwe izinto ezifana ne-uranium, i-titanium, ne-zirconium | Ukutholwa kwe-Uranium, i-Titanium, i-Zirconium |
| 10 | UJean Baptiste Louis Romé de Lisle | Kuthuthukiswe ukuqonda kwezinhlaka zekristalu | I-Crystallography |
Ukuletha umlando okwamanje
Ukucabanga ngezinyathelo ezinkulu ezenziwe yilawa amaphayona mineralogists, sikhunjuzwa ngemvelo enqwabelene yokutholwa kwesayensi. Namuhla, ifa labo liqhubeka ngokusebenzisa i-mineralogy yesimanje kanye nokusebenza kwayo emikhakheni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa imboni yamagugu.
Kwabashisekeli kanye nezingcweti ngokufanayo, i-Miamiminingco.com ime njengobufakazi bokuthakaseleka okuhlala njalo ngombuso wezimbiwa. Lapha, sikumema ukuthi uhlole amabhakede ezimayini ayigugu egqugquzelwe umoya wokuphayona wabantu abafana no-Agricola no-Linnaeus. Noma, uma uthanda, funda ukukhetha kwethu Izibonelo ze-Rock and Mineral, ukuvuma ngekhanda ekuhlukaniseni ngokucophelela kukaWerner noBergman.
Isiphetho
The amaphayona mineralogists babengaphezu nje kososayensi bokuqala; babengababoni ababebona ukubaluleka kwayo kanye indwangu yomhlaba. Igalelo labo libe yisisekelo ekuqondeni kwethu iplanethi nemithombo yayo. Kusemahlombe abo lapho kumi khona i-mineralogy yesimanje, ihlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile kukho kokubili imibuzo yezemfundo kanye nokusebenza okungokoqobo.
Njengoba siqhubeka sihlola ekujuleni komhlaba, vumela umoya wala maphayona uqondise us ekuphishekeleni kwethu ulwazi nengcebo. Vakashela i-Miamiminingco.com ukuze ulethe ingxenye yaleli fa elihlala njalo eqoqweni lakho, lapho ukuzijabulisa nokutholwa kwe-mineralogy kuqhubeka khona.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
- Obani abathathwa njengamavulandlela e-mineralogy? Amaphayona mineralogists ahlanganisa u-Aristotle, uTheophrastus, noPliny Omdala kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Ezikhathini zanamuhla, izibalo ezinjengoGeorgius Agricola noCarolus Linnaeus ziye zaba neqhaza elikhulu kulo mkhakha.
- Liyini igalelo lika-Aristotle kwezamaminerali? U-Aristotle waziwa ngezifundo zakhe zakuqala zamaminerali kanye nokubeka isisekelo sefilosofi sokuhlola okuzayo ku-mineralogy.
- Kungani uTheophrastus ebizwa ngokuthi ubaba we-mineralogy? UTheophrastus uthathwa njengoyise we-mineralogy ngenxa yocwaningo lwakhe oluhlelekile lwamatshe namaminerali, olwakha isisekelo sensimu.
- Yini uGeorgius Agricola aziwa ngayo ku-mineralogy? U-Georgius Agricola uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi 'uyise we-mineralogy' ngomsebenzi wakhe omncane othi "De Re Metallica," owahlela ulwazi lwezimayini nokumbiwa kwamaminerali.
- UCarolus Linnaeus waba kanjani nesandla ekuhlukaniseni amaminerali? UCarolus Linnaeus, owaziwa kakhulu ngokuhlukaniswa kwezitshalo, wasebenzisa indlela yakhe ehlelekile yokuhlukanisa amaminerali, esebenzisa i-binomial nomenclature.
- Yayiyini into entsha ka-Baron Axel Fredric Cronstedt? U-Baron Axel Fredric Cronstedt wenze impumelelo ebalulekile ngokuhlukanisa i-nickel esimweni sayo esihlanzekile futhi wethula ukusetshenziswa kwe-blowpipe ku-mineralogy yokuhlaziya.
- Yiziphi izinto ezatholwa uMartin Heinrich Klaproth? U-Martin Heinrich Klaproth uthole izakhi ezimbalwa, ezihlanganisa i-uranium, i-titanium, ne-zirconium, esebenza ngokujulile ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene namuhla.
- Iyiphi indima eyadlalwa uJean Baptiste Louis Romé de Lisle ekuthuthukiseni i-mineralogy? UJean Baptiste Louis Romé de Lisle wayengumdwebi wamakristalu waseFrance owathuthukisa kakhulu ukuqonda kwezinhlaka zekristalu, wathuthukisa ucwaningo lwesayensi lwamaminerali.
- Ngabe umkhakha we-mineralogy uguquke kanjani kusukela ezinsukwini zawo zokuqala? Kusukela ezinsukwini zakuqala zika-Aristotle noTheophrastus, i-mineralogy ishintshile isuka emiculweni yefilosofi yaya emfundweni yesayensi ehleleke kakhudlwana enamasu ayinkimbinkimbi okuhlaziya nokuhlukanisa amaminerali.
- Umuntu angahlanganyela kuphi nefa lalaba abangochwepheshe bezemigodi namuhla? Abashisekayo nezingcweti bangahlanganyela nefa lala maphayona ongoti bemineralogi ngokusebenzisa izinsiza ezifana ne-Miamiminingco.com, ehlinzeka ngamabhakede ezimayini ayigugu kanye nokukhethwa kwamadwala izibonelo zamaminerali egqugquzelwe umsebenzi wamaphayona.
