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ʻO ka Geology of Gold: He nānā hohonu i ka hoʻokumu ʻana, ka hoʻohele ʻana, a me ka unuhi ʻana o ka metala makamae.

Posted on by miamimining
Puke gula
31
Dec

ʻO ke gula he metala makamae i ʻimi ʻia no nā kaukani makahiki. Hoʻohanohano ʻia no kona nani, kakaʻikahi, a me ka hiki ke kū i ka corrosion. Akā, no hea mai ke gula? Pehea i hana ʻia ai a laha ʻia a puni ka honua? A pehea e unuhi ʻia ai a hana ʻia? Ma kēia ʻatikala, e ʻimi mākou i ke kālaihonua gula e pane i kēia mau nīnau a me nā mea hou aku.

Ka hookumu ana o ke gula

Ua manaʻo ʻia ua hana ʻia ke gula i loko o nā pahū supernova i hana ʻia i mau piliona makahiki i hala. Hoʻokuʻu kēia mau hanana stellar nui i ka nui o ka ikehu, hiki ke hoʻohui i nā mea māmā a lilo i mea kaumaha. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua hana ʻia ke gula, a me nā mea kaumaha ʻē aʻe e like me ka platinum a me ke kālā, a laila hoʻopuehu ʻia a puni ka honua.

Ma ka honua, hiki ke loaʻa ke gula ma nā ʻano waihona ʻelua: nā waihona lode a me nā waihona placer. ʻO nā waihona Lode, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo nā waihona mua, ʻo ia ka hopena o nā minerala lawe gula i waiho ʻia e nā wai hydrothermal. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau wai, kahi i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ke gula a me nā minerala ʻē aʻe, ke hoʻopili ʻia ka pelemaka wela me ka wai. Ke maʻalili a paʻa ka wai, waiho ʻia nā minerala i loko o nā māwae a me nā māwae o ka pōhaku.

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā waihona Placer i ka wā i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke gula mai kona pōhaku hoʻokipa a lawe ʻia e ka wai. or makani. Hiki i kēia ke hana i ka wā e hoʻopau ʻia ai kahi waihona lode a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke gula i loko o kahi kahawai a i ʻole kahawai, a laila lawe ʻia i lalo a waiho ʻia i kahi wahi hou. Loaʻa pinepine ʻia nā waihona placer ma ke ʻano o nā moena ʻiliʻili a i ʻole ke one ma nā awāwa muliwai.

Ka puunaue gula

Loaʻa ke gula ma nā ʻāina āpau o ka honua, ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau i loaʻa ma ke ʻano o nā waihona lode ma nā wahi me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka lua pele a me nā pōhaku sedimentary. ʻO kekahi o nā wahi hana gula kaulana loa ʻo ia ka Witwatersrand Basin ma ʻApelika Hema, ka Carlin Trend ma Nevada, a me ka Super Pit ma Western Australia.

Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke loaʻa ke gula i nā mea liʻiliʻi ma nā ʻano pōhaku like ʻole a me nā minela. No ka laʻana, pili pinepine ia me quartz, he mineral maʻamau i loaʻa i nā ʻano pōhaku he nui. Hiki ke loaʻa ke gula ma nā ʻano liʻiliʻi ma kekahi ʻano lepo, a me ka wai kai.

ʻO ka ʻohi gula

Ke ʻike ʻia kahi waihona gula a mākaukau e ʻeli ʻia, aia kekahi mau ala e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e unuhi i ke gula. ʻO ke ala maʻamau, ʻo ia ka leaching cyanide, kahi e hoʻohana ai i kahi hopena o ka cyanide e hoʻopau i ke gula mai ka ʻaila. Hoʻihoʻi ʻia ke gula mai ka hoʻonā ʻana ma ke kaʻina i kapa ʻia ʻo adsorption, kahi e hoʻopili ʻia ai ke gula ma luna o ka ʻili o ka carbon activated.

ʻO kekahi ala ʻē aʻe i hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi manawa, ʻo ia ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka puʻu, ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka ʻaila i loko o kahi puʻu a laila kāpīpī i ka wai leaching ma luna. Ke komo ka hoʻonā i loko o ka puʻu, hoʻoheheʻe ʻo ia i ke gula, a laila hoʻihoʻi ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaʻina adsorption like me ka leaching cyanide.

Ke lawe ʻia ke gula, hoʻomaʻemaʻe pinepine ʻia e wehe i nā mea haumia. Hana ʻia kēia ma ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ke gula a laila e ʻae iā ia e hoʻopaʻa i loko o kahi ʻōpala, kahi i hana ai i kahi pā a i ʻole ka ingot. A laila hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ke gula ma ke ʻano he huahana bullion a hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā mea nani, nā ʻāpana, a i ʻole nā ​​​​huahana ʻē aʻe.

Panina

ʻO ke gula he metala makamae a makemake nui ʻia. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia i loko o nā pahū supernova a hiki ke loaʻa i ʻelua mau ʻano waihona nui ma ka honua:

waihona waihona a me ka waiho wahi. ʻOiai ʻike pinepine ʻia ia ma nā wahi me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka lua pele a me nā pōhaku sedimentary, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma nā ʻāpana i nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka unuhi ʻana o ke gula mai kāna ʻuala he hana paʻakikī ia e pili ana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kemika a me nā ʻenehana kūikawā. Ke unuhi ʻia, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ke gula e wehe i nā haumia a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano noi like ʻole, me nā mea nani, nā ʻāpana, a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe.

Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ke kālaihonua o ke gula he kumuhana hoihoi ia e hōʻike ana i nā kaʻina hana paʻakikī i hoʻohālikelike i ko mākou honua a me ka metala makamae i hoʻopio i nā kānaka no nā kenekulia. Mai kona aʻo i nā pahū supernova i kāna ʻili ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana ma ka honua, he mea kūʻokoʻa maoli ke gula.

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ʻO ka Geology o Chrysoberyl: Hoʻokumu, Hana, a me nā ʻano

Posted on by miamimining
pōhaku makamae chrysoberyl
30
Dec

ʻO Chrysoberyl kahi pōhaku makamae a mahalo nui ʻia i mahalo ʻia no nā kenekulia no kona nani a me ka lōʻihi. ʻOiai ʻo kona kaulana, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻike ka poʻe he nui i ka ʻenekona hoihoi ma hope o kēia pōhaku makamae. Ma kēia pou blog, e ʻimi mākou i ka aʻo, hanana, a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka chrysoberyl i loko o ka pōʻaiapili honua.

ʻO Chrysoberyl kahi ʻano mineral silicate i haku ʻia me ka beryllium, aluminika, a me ka oxygen. He lālā ia o ka kālena ʻohana, kahi pū kekahi emerald, aquamarine, a me ka morganite. He ʻokoʻa ʻo Chrysoberyl i waena o kēia mau pōhaku makamae no ka mea he ʻano melemele-'ōmaʻomaʻo a ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele kona ʻano, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka chromium a me ka hao haumia.

Loaʻa pinepine ʻia ʻo Chrysoberyl i loko o nā pōhaku metamorphic a igneous, i hana ʻia ma o ka wela a me ke kaomi o ka hana tectonic. Hiki ke loaʻa iā ia i loko o nā waihona alluvial, i hana ʻia ma o ka ʻohi ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana i nā pōhaku e ka wai.

ʻO kekahi o nā mea kaulana loa o ka chrysoberyl aia ma nā mauna Ural o Rūsia, kahi i loaʻa ai i ka mica schist a me ka gneiss formations. Loaʻa ia ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ʻEulopa, a me Brazil, Madagascar, a me Sri Lanka. I ka ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, hiki ke loaʻa ka chrysoberyl ma Hawaii, Hawaii, a Virginia.

Ma keʻano o konaʻano kino, uaʻikeʻia ka chrysoberyl no kona kūlana kūikawā paakiki a me ka lōʻihi. Loaʻa iā ia ka paʻakikī o 8.5 ma ka pālākiō Mohs, ʻo ia kekahi o nā pōhaku paʻakikī loa. He kūpaʻa nui nō hoʻi ia i ka ʻoki ʻana, a he mea kaulana ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea nani.

Loaʻa iā Chrysoberyl kahi ʻano aniani ʻokoʻa, kahi i hōʻike ʻia e kona ʻano hexagonal. He liʻiliʻi nā kristal, a loaʻa pinepine lākou i nā aggregates, hiki ke hāʻawi i ka pōhaku pōhaku i ke ao. or waiu helehelena.

ʻElua ʻano nui o ka chrysoberyl: chrysoberyl maʻamau a me ka chrysoberyl maka o ka pōpoki. ʻO ka chrysoberyl maʻamau ka ʻano maʻamau o ka pōhaku makamae, a ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia e kona kala melemele-'ōmaʻomaʻo a hiki i ka brownish-melemele. ʻO ka chrysoberyl maka o ka Cat, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻoi aku ka kakaikahi a ua ʻike ʻia e ka chatoyancy kūʻokoʻa, a i ʻole ka hopena "maka o ka pōpoki", i hana ʻia e nā mea liʻiliʻi like ʻole e hōʻike ana i ka mālamalama ma ke ʻano kikoʻī.

Ma waho aʻe o kona hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he pōhaku makamae, loaʻa i ka chrysoberyl kekahi mau mea hoihoi a me nā waiwai. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i ka hana ʻana i nā abrasives kiʻekiʻe, a hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi e like me ka refractory material, ʻo ia hoʻi hiki ke kū i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe a kū i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana.

Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ka chrysoberyl he pōhaku makamae hoihoi a kū hoʻokahi i loaʻa i ka mōʻaukala honua waiwai a ʻano like ʻole. ʻO kona ʻano paʻakikī, kūpaʻa, a me ka nani e lilo ia i pōhaku makamae nui i ʻimi ʻia e nā ʻohi a me nā mea leʻaleʻa a puni ka honua. No laila, i ka manawa aʻe e ʻike ai ʻoe i kahi ʻāpana chrysoberyl jewelry, e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi manawa e mahalo ai i ka geology hoihoi ma hope o kēia pōhaku nani.

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Ka ʻike ʻana i ka nani hoʻohiwahiwa o nā kristal spinel: kahi nānā hohonu i ko lākou mau hiʻohiʻona honua

Posted on by miamimining
spinel crystal
26
Dec

ʻO nā kristal Spinel kahi ʻano mineral i ʻike ʻia no ko lākou nani kupanaha a me nā ʻano kala like ʻole. Hiki ke loaʻa kēia mau kristal i nā aka o ka ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, poni, uliuli, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a me ka ʻeleʻele, a ua mahalo ʻia no ko lākou ʻano crystalline kūʻokoʻa a me nā hiʻohiʻona nani. Ma kēia moʻomanaʻo moʻomanaʻo, e nānā mākou i nā hiʻohiʻona geological o nā kristal spinel, e ʻimi ana i ko lākou kumu, aʻo, a me na waiwai kino.

ʻO nā kristal spinel no ka hui spinel o nā minela, aia nā ʻano silicates me ke ʻano kemika MgAl2O4. Uaʻikeʻia kēia mau mineral no ko lākou kū'ē kiʻekiʻe i ka wela a me kaʻaʻahu, a hoʻohana pinepineʻia e like me nā abrasives a me nā pōhaku. Loaʻa pinepine ʻia nā kristal spinel i loko o nā pōhaku metamorphic, e like me ke kinikini a me ka serpentinite, a hiki ke loaʻa i loko o nā pōhaku ultramafic metamorphosed a me nā pōhaku igneous mafic.

ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā kristal spinel he kaʻina hana paʻakikī e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā minela i loaʻa ma lalo o nā kaomi kiʻekiʻe a me nā mahana. Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia kaʻina hana, i kapa ʻia he metamorphism, i loko o ka ʻōpala o ka honua or ʻaʻahu, a pili maʻamau me ka hana tectonic a me ka komo ʻana o ka pelemaka. Ma muli o ka metamorphism, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā kristal spinel ma ke ʻano he hoʻohui ʻia i loko o nā minela ʻē aʻe, a i ʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale kūʻokoʻa e like me nā kristal discrete.

Ma ke ʻano o nā waiwai kino, ʻike ʻia nā kristal spinel no ko lākou gravity kikoʻī kiʻekiʻe, paakiki, a me ka helu kuhikuhipuʻuone. ʻO kēia mau waiwai, i hui pū ʻia me ko lākou mau waihoʻoluʻu a me nā hiʻohiʻona nani, e hana i nā kristal spinel i mahalo nui ʻia e like me nā pōhaku makamae. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kristal spinel e like me nā pōhaku makamae no nā kenekulia, a ua mahalo ʻia e nā ʻohana aliʻi a me nā ʻohi. ʻO kekahi o nā kristal spinel kaulana loa ma ka honua, ʻo ia ka "Black Prince's Ruby," he spinel nui a ʻulaʻula i hoʻonoho ʻia ma ka Imperial State Crown o ʻEnelani, a me ka "Timur Ruby," he spinel nui a ʻulaʻula i ʻāpana o ka. na Leialii Beritania.

I ka hopena, ʻo nā kristal spinel kahi ʻano minerala hoihoi i ʻike ʻia no ko lākou nani hoʻohiwahiwa a me nā hiʻohiʻona kūlohelohe. Mai ko lākou mau kala like ʻole a hiki i ko lākou mau waiwai kino, ua hopu kēia mau kristal i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe geologists a me nā mea hoihoi pōhaku. Inā he kanaka kālaihonua kau ʻoe a i ʻole he mahalo wale ʻoe i nā waiwai o ka honua, ʻo nā kristal spinel e hoʻohauʻoli a hauʻoli.